Global
Issues
Dossiers
mondiaux
Volume 8, Number 1, February 2003
Seeking Free & Responsible Media
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"Congress shall make
no law...abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press."
First Amendment
to the Constitution of the United States
A
fundamental axiom of democracy is that citizens must have information and
knowledge. People must be informed if they are to play an active role in
the life of their country. Free and responsible media are critical sources
of information for citizens who want to choose the best leaders for their
country and make sound decisions about the issues in their nation and in
their individual communities.
The information the
media provide is just as critical for intelligent economic and personal
decisions as for good political choices. There is a strong relationship
between open media and free and effective economies. In fact, recent
studies conducted by the World Bank have shown that free media are
essential for successful economic progress in developing countries.
It has long been the
policy of the U.S. government to support the development of open and
responsible media abroad and to assist in building the infrastructure
needed for a free press to operate -- legislative infrastructure,
financial independence, transparency in government, and journalists
trained in objective and fair reporting. Achieving a free and responsible
media is a constant, challenging, vital, and ongoing activity. We must
continue to work at it, adapting to new conditions and challenges. We must
keep in sight the ultimate objective -- a citizenry able to make informed
decisions that shape their lives.
The Editors
Focus
Promoting Free and
Responsible Media:
An Integral Part of America's Foreign Policy
The U.S. government promotes and assists development
of responsible media abroad.
By Lorne W. Craner, Assistant Secretary of State
for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
Independent Media's
Role in Building Democracy
The U.S. government sponsors a variety of programs to nurture the
development of media organizations that will serve their publics.
By Frederick W. Schieck, Deputy Administrator,
U.S.
Agency for International Development
Commentary
Legal Foundations of
Press Freedom in the United States
A nation must provide a strong legal foundation for media to operate
independently and without harassment.
By Jane E. Kirtley, Silha Professor of Media Ethics and Law
at the
School of Journalism and Mass Communication,
University of Minnesota
Steps to a Free,
Financially Viable Media
Media in transitional countries are increasingly recognized as
contributors to improved government accountability, more efficient
markets, and more information-rich societies.
By Tim Carrington and Mark Nelson, World Bank Institute
Anarchy Is Not a
Business Plan:
Practical Pointers on the Business of Media
Three overseas media business advisors who have worked extensively in
transitional nations discuss how media outlets struggle to establish their
financial independence, serve their audiences, and report responsibly.
The panel includes William Siemering, a broadcast trainer in Africa,
Eastern Europe, and Asia; David Simonson, a newspaper business consultant
to Eastern European publications; and Rachel Thompson, a media management
trainer in Eastern Europe.
Journalism and
Serving the Public Trust
Journalism schools need to be places where students learn to serve the
public trust through the independent presentation of news.
William F. Woo,
Lorry I. Lokey
Visiting Professor of
Professional Journalism, Stanford University
Broadcast Journalists
Need Training to Meet Intense Demands
Broadcast journalists want further refinement of their skills throughout
their careers, but finding training can be challenging.
Deborah Potter, Director of NewsLab, a research and
training center for television journalists
Additional Resources
Bibliography
Books, documents, and
articles on media issues.
Internet Sites
A list of Internet
sites offering further information on global media.
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De la liberté
et de la responsabilité des médias Volume 8, numéro 1, février 2003
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"Le
Congrès ne fera aucune loi (...)qui restreigne la liberté de parole ou de la
presse (...)"
Premier
amendement
à la Constitution des
ةtats-Unis
Un
axiome fondamental de la démocratie est la nécessité pour les citoyens
d'être informés et renseignés. En effet, pour pouvoir participer à la vie
politique de son pays, le peuple doit être informé. Des médias libres et
responsables sont une source indispensable d'information pour les citoyens
désireux de choisir les meilleurs dirigeants pour leur pays et de prendre
des décisions judicieuses pour résoudre les problèmes de la nation et de
leur collectivité.
Les
informations que fournissent les médias sont tout aussi indispensables à la
prise de décisions économiques et personnelles avisées qu'aux bons choix
politiques. Il existe un lien étroit entre une presse indépendante et une
économie libre et performante. En fait, des études récentes de la Banque
mondiale montrent que la liberté de la presse est indispensable au progrès
économique des pays en voie de développement.
La
politique du gouvernement des
ةtats-Unis
consiste depuis longtemps à promouvoir une presse libre et responsable à
l'étranger et à contribuer à la mise en place de l'infrastructure nécessaire
à son bon fonctionnement : appareil judiciaire, indépendance financière,
transparence du gouvernement et journalistes rompus aux reportages objectifs
et impartiaux. L'élaboration d'une presse libre et responsable est une
activité constante, exaltante, vitale et permanente. Nous devons continuer à
nous y employer, à nous adapter aux changements de situation et aux nouveaux
défis et ne jamais perdre de vue notre objectif ultime - des citoyens
capables de prendre en toute connaissance de cause des décisions qui
affecteront leur existence.
La rédaction
Dossier
La
promotion de la liberté et de la responsabilité des médias :
un pilier de la politique étrangère des
ةtats-Unis
Le gouvernement des
ةtats-Unis
appuie le développement de médias responsables à l'étranger.
Lorne W. Craner
Secrétaire d'ةtat
adjoint à la démocratie, aux droits de l'homme et au travail
Le rôle
des médias indépendants dans l'élaboration de la démocratie
Le gouvernement des
ةtats-Unis
finance divers programmes favorisant le développement d'organes de presse
voués au service de leur public.
Frederick Schieck
Administrateur adjoint de l'Agence des
ةtats-Unis
pour le développement international
Analyse
Les
fondements juridiques de la liberté de la presse aux
ةtats-Unis
Tout pays doit fournir une base juridique ferme qui permet aux médias de
fonctionner indépendamment et sans crainte de représailles.
Jane E. Kirtley
Titulaire de la chaire Silha, Ecole de journalisme et de communication de
masse Université du Minnesota
Vers une
presse libre et financièrement viable
Dans les pays en transition, on considère de plus en plus les médias comme
un facteur contribuant à la responsabilité des gouvernements, à l'efficacité
des marchés et à l'enrichissement de la société sur le plan de
l'information.
Tim Carrington et Mark Nelson
Institut de la Banque mondiale
Avis aux
médias :
anarchie et plan de développement ne font pas bon ménage
Trois experts qui ont beaucoup conseillé les médias dans les pays en
transition, racontent comment les entreprises de ce secteur luttent pour
établir leur indépendance financière, servir leurs publics et rapporter les
faits de façon responsable.
Les trois experts sont les suivants : William Siemering, qui a formé du
personnel de la radio et de la télévision en Afrique, en Europe de l'Est et
en Asie ; David Simonson, consultant auprès d'organes de presse d'Europe de
l'Est ; et Rachel Thompson, spécialiste de la formation de personnel
d'encadrement pour les médias d'Europe de l'Est.
Le
journalisme et la confiance du public
Les écoles de journalisme doivent être des endroits où les étudiants
apprennent à mériter la confiance du public par la présentation objective de
l'information.
William F. Woo
Professeur associé de journalisme, titulaire de la chaire Lorry Lokey
Université Stanford
Les
journalistes de la télévision ont besoin d'une formation adaptée
Ils souhaitent généralement peaufiner leurs capacités tout au long de leur
carrière, mais trouver la formation adéquate peut être difficile.
Deborah Potter
Directrice de Newslab
Centre de recherche et de formation des journalistes de la télévision
Sources
d'information
Bibliographie (en anglais)
Livres, documents et articles portant sur les médias.
Sites
Internet
Liste
des sites pouvant offrir de plus amples informations sur les media.
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A
Special Electronic Journal of the U.S. Department of State September 2002
September 11 one year later
"Americans
are asking: What is expected of us? I ask you to live your lives, and hug your
children. I know many citizens have fears tonight, and I ask you to be calm and
resolute, even in the face of a continuing threat.
I ask you to uphold the
values of America, and remember why so many have come here. We are in a fight
for our principles, and our first responsibility is to live by them. No one
should be singled out for unfair treatment or unkind words because of their
ethnic background or religious faith.
I ask you to continue to
support the victims of this tragedy with your contributions...
I ask for your patience,
with the delays and inconveniences that may accompany tightened security; and
for your patience in what will be a long struggle.
I ask your continued
participation and confidence in the American economy. Terrorists attacked a
symbol of American prosperity. They did not touch its source. America is
successful because of the hard work, and creativity, and enterprise of our
people. These were the true strengths of our economy before September 11, and
they are our strengths today."
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President George W.
Bush addressing a
Joint Session of the U.S. Congress
September 20, 2001.
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Over
the past year, Americans have responded to the president's charge, showing their
resolve and demonstrating their values in thousands of different ways. This
journal examines some of the ways Americans have reacted to the events of
September 11 - one of the greatest tragedies, challenges and unifying events in
the nation's history.
Cover Design: Twin beams of
light marked the site of the World Trade Center towers in New York on the
six-month anniversary of the attacks.
(AP Wide World Photo/Daniel Hulshizer)
Table
of Contents
A New Era in U.S. Strategic
Thinking
The terrorist attacks transformed the international security environment and
dictated a new "grand strategy" for the United States.
By Robert J. Lieber, Professor of Government and Foreign Service,
Georgetown University
The Economic Cost of
Terrorism
Al Qaeda attempted an assault on capitalist democracy, but it failed.
By Brian S. Wesbury, Chief Economist,
Griffin, Kubik, Stephens &
Thompson, Incorporated
Hope Is an Answer to Terror
The terrorist attacks reaffirmed the longstanding belief that poverty creates a
breeding ground for terrorism. Donors -- government, private, and corporate --
are working with renewed vigor to bring hope and opportunity to the world's
poorest people.
An Interview with George Carpenter, Director of Corporate Sustainable
Development for the Procter & Gamble Corporation, and Dr. Robert K. Pelant,
Director of Asia/South Pacific Programs for the nonprofit organization Heifer
International
The Critical Balance:
Individual Rights
and National Security in Uncertain Times
A national debate is under way over the constitutional questions raised as the
U.S. government wages the war on terrorism.
By Mark Blitz, Fletcher Jones Professor of Political Philosophy,
Claremont McKenna
College
Resilience and Renewal at
the Pentagon
Terror struck the Pentagon -- the symbol of America's military might -- but an
enormous effort in reconstruction and repair has allowed 3,000 employees to
return to their offices less than a year later.
By Jacquelyn S. Porth
A Patriot's Progress:
September 11 and Freedom in America
An award-winning commentator traces the nation's emotional arc over the course
of a turbulent year.
By Roger Rosenblatt, Professor of English and Writing at
Long Island University's
Southampton College; Essayist, Time Magazine
Additional Resources
A Selected Chronology of
Key Events: September 11, 2001--Present
A fact sheet compiled by
the Office of International Information Programs.
Rebuilding Afghanistan
An excerpt from a report by
the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Bibliography
Books, documents, and
articles on the September 11 attacks, terrorism, and the international response.
Internet Sites
A list of Internet sites
offering further information on the September 11 attacks, terrorism, and the
international response.